Spiritual Well-Being in the Modern Era: An Analytical Study of al-Ghazali’s Perspective

Abstract

The rapid expansion of modern technology, shifting cultural values, and increasing psychological pressures have brought renewed attention to the importance of spiritual well-being as a fundamental aspect of human life. While contemporary approaches tend to examine well-being through emotional, cognitive, or behavioral indicators, many of these frameworks overlook the deeper spiritual roots of human fulfillment. This study explores the perspective of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, whose works continue to shape Islamic thought on the nature of the soul, moral formation, and the pursuit of ultimate happiness. By examining key texts such as Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, al-Munqidh min al-Dalal, and Mizan al-‘Amal, this research identifies three interconnected components that constitute spiritual well-being in al-Ghazali’s view: purification of the heart, disciplined worship, and the cultivation of ethical character.

Using a qualitative library research approach, the study situates al-Ghazali’s insights within the context of contemporary life, characterized by fragmentation, material excess, and diminishing interiority. The analysis reveals that his conceptualization of spiritual well-being provides a holistic response to modern challenges, offering not only theological guidance but also practical psychological relevance. Al-Ghazali’s emphasis on self-awareness, inner vigilance, and moral coherence aligns with current discussions in psychology and ethics, yet extends beyond them by grounding human flourishing in a transcendent orientation. The findings demonstrate that his thought remains profoundly relevant for understanding and nurturing spiritual well-being in an era marked by rapid change and existential uncertainty.